Contents
Introduction
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) include eicosapentaeoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). They are believed to be protective in cardiovascular disease due to their anti-infammatory properties.
This article summarizes current evidence for use of omega-3 fatty acids in psychiatry.
Omega-3 in mental health
Adults
Recent large meta-analysis of large number of placebo-controlled trials of PUFA for different indications revealed the following (1):
- significant clinical benefit of omega-3 treatment in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder
- significant clinical benefit of omega-3 treatment in depressive symtpoms in adults without MDD.
- EPA (not DHA) is believed to be responsible for mental health benefits.
There was no benefit in prevention of depression, or treatment of peripartum depression, schizophrenia, or dementia.
Children and Adolescents
- A study of adolescents at risk for psychosis, omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduced positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and improved functioning, but had no significant effect on depressive symptoms. (2)
- A small RCT of depressed pre-teens found positive effect of omega-3 fatty acids in improving the mood.(3)
- Among children and adolescents with autism omega-3 fatty acids reduced severe tantrums, aggression, or self-injurious behavior at 6 weeks. (4)
References
1. Grosso G, et al. (2014) Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Treatment of Depressive Disorders: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. PLoS ONE 9(5): e96905.
2. Amminger GP, et al.(2010) Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids for indicated prevention of psychotic disorders: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67:146–154.
3. Nemets H et.al. Omega-3 treatment of childhood depression: a controlled, double-blind pilot study. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;163(6):1098-100. PMID:16741212
4. Amminger GP et.al. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in children with autism: a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study.Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Feb 15;61(4):551-3. PMID:16920077
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